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建立准确的机车车辆虚拟碰撞仿真方法对再现车辆碰撞过程、验证机车车辆的耐撞性能、降低碰撞试验成本具有重要意义。文章基于俄罗斯标准要求建立了机车车辆碰撞试验的虚拟仿真模型，分析了机车车辆溜坡撞击过程，提出了基于虚拟仿真的机车车辆溜坡等效碰撞仿真方法，探究了车钩撞击力、车辆平均加速度与撞击速度之间的关系。研究结果表明：机车车辆溜坡等效碰撞仿真方法与实际溜坡撞击过程具有较高的一致性，溜车时主动车的重力势能全部转化为动能，理论计算速度与仿真速度相差1.21%。当用运动车辆撞击刚性墙场景等效溜坡运动车辆撞击静止车辆场景时，车辆的撞击速度大小为溜坡场景的一半，车钩压缩位移相差1.20%,最大车钩载荷相差0.23%,最大平均加速度相差0.49%;随着撞击速度的增加，车钩纵向力和车辆最大平均加速度呈现先线性增加后快速增加的趋势，车辆最大平均加速度在车体结构整体塑性失稳前存在最大值。
Abstract：It is of great significance to establish an accurate virtual collision simulation method for rolling stock to reproduce the vehicle crash process, verify the crashworthiness of rolling stock, and reduce the cost of a crash test. Based on the requirements of Russian standard, the virtual simulation model of rolling stock collision test is established, a simulation method for equivalent collision of rolling stock humping based on virtual simulation was proposed, and the relationship between the impact force of the coupler, the average acceleration of the vehicle, and the impact speed was explored. The results indicate that the simulation method for the equivalent collision of rolling stock humping has high consistency with the actual collision process, and the gravitational potential energy of the active vehicle is all converted into kinetic energy during the humping, and the speed difference between the theoretical calculation results and the simulation results is 1.21%. When the moving vehicle hitting the rigid wall scenario is equivalent to the skidding vehicle hitting the stationary vehicle scenario, the impact speed of the vehicle is half of the skidding scenario, the compression displacement of the coupler differs by 1.20%, the maximum coupler load differs by 0.23%, and the maximum average acceleration differs by 0.49%; As the impact speed increases, the longitudinal force of the coupler and the maximum average acceleration of the vehicle show a trend of linear increase first and then rapid increase. The maximum average acceleration of the vehicle has a maximum value before the overall plastic instability of the vehicle body structure.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20213/j.cnki.tdcl.2025.04.01.01
中图分类号:U270.14;U260.14
引用信息:
[1]太万秋,王俊,朱涛,等.机车车辆溜坡碰撞试验的虚拟仿真方法研究[J].铁道车辆,2025,63(04):77-83.DOI:10.20213/j.cnki.tdcl.2025.04.01.01.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(52172409); 博士后创新人才支持计划项目(BX20240298); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2682024GF023)
2025-04-01
2025-04-01
2025-04-01